Innovative approaches to healthcare payments and healthcare delivery are on the rise, with stakeholders shifting focus from volume to low cost / high value care. Over the past ten years, several value-based healthcare models have emerged. Most of these models are attributed to the Affordable Care Act (ACA),the mother of all innovative efforts to bring “quality, affordable healthcare to all Americans.” Thanks to the ACA, accountable care organizations (ACOs) are the most popular and most successful strategies to date.